电子束焊接的真空测量

E-beam welding is a process where a high energy beam of electrons from an electron gun is accelerated and focused using electric and magnetic fields, and shot at two materials to join them. The kinetic energy of the electrons creates very high heat which melts the two materials together (electrons are particles with a very small mass, 9*10^-31 kg or 2*10^-30 lbs to be exact). The electron beam requires that the system be under vacuum to maintain the speed and focus of the electrons thus preventing beam dissipation or scattering (without vacuum, the electrons would run into other molecules in the atmosphere like nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor, among others). This is where Televac^® vacuum gauging comes in, to make sure that the system is under sufficient vacuum to operate correctly.

Vacuum Gauging Equipment for E-Beam Welding

当涉及到电子束焊接时，有两个相关的AMS规范，AMS 2680和AMS 2681。它们分别要求两个不同的真空度为1*10^-4Torr和1*10^-3Torr。请注意，这些都是针对航空航天规格的。根据系统的真空度和精度要求，Televac真空测量有几种选择，重要区别如下。

The first option is an active gauge solution. With an active gauge, the control electronics are attached directly to the physical sensor, then there are optional outputs to show the vacuum level including an analog 0 to 10 V output, RS-485 communications, EthernetIP, or PROFINET communications. The active gauges that would be used for E-Beam welding are an MX2A or MX4A (thermocouple vacuum gauges) for measurement from 1000 Torr down to 1*10^-3 Torr and then an MX7B (cold cathode vacuum gauge) for measurement from 1*10^-3 Torr and deeper vacuum (as low as 1*10^-8 Torr).

The second option is to separate the control electronics from the physical sensor. This can be ideal if you need or want a remote display somewhere else on your E-Beam welder. The ideal solutions for this are the MV2A and 2A sensor if you only need measurement down to 1*10^-3 Torr, or the MX200 with a 2A/4A (again for rough vacuum measurement down to 1*10^-3 Torr) combined with a 7B for medium and high vacuum measurement (down to as low as 1*10^-7 Torr). Depending on which controller you choose (MV2A or MX200), you’ll have optional outputs of an analog 0 to 5 V signal, an analog 0 to 10 V signal, RS-232 communications, RS-485 communications, EthernetIP, or PROFINET communications.

对单位感到困惑？不用担心！下面是一些从托到其他常用计量单位的简单换算（如需更多换算，请查看我们的单位换算器）：

1托尔=1.33毫巴

1托尔=1毫米汞柱

1托尔=1.33*10^-1千帕。

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请注意，电子束焊接也可以在大气中进行。由于光束在大气中碰到不同的分子/气体会发生耗散，因此焊缝通常较宽，这可能不适合某些应用。